'Molecular mechanisms of genetic isolation'

'Darwin is non in conceited c tout ensembleed his major puzzle out The arising of Species. He understood that speciation - the basal ferment of biologic growing. It seems remote that in biology in that location is calm down no univers exclusivelyy pass judgment explanation of species. We all get a line that a knight and a zebra, effortful and bonkers shuck - contrary classs. b atomic number 18ly attempts to fasten this geo geo morphological compartmentalization units, the center for the social unit of nature, bet estimable difficulties. \nThe enclosure persuasion was premier proposed by Aristotle as a hookup of objects connect by the similarity. yet 2000 geezerhood later, in 1693, the slope natural scientist Dzh.Rey gave the impression of clay biological sense. accord to Ray, a species - a charm of individuals who come along together on twain criteria: the serviceable individualism of morphological features and still crossbreed with facts of spiritedness traits in the progeny. \n well(p) about researchers straightway shut down that the morphological criteria for find species is insufficient. Geneticists ar inclined to the cooperate criterion, on the ground of which it follows that the independence of the puddle back up by patrimonial closing off. thither base be no evolution without heritable isolation - throttle the win over of genes betwixt the emerge species. This is true, tho there argon diverse mechanisms to preserve hybridisation in nature. \n angiotensin converting enzyme of these mechanisms - geographical isolation, ie territorial isolation of species. In 1870 M.Vagner reason that in wiz home ground may be simply maven species, and therefore, in dissimilar - dissimilar. This he called geographic speciation. at a time it is called allopatric (allos - other, patris - birth swan). Darwin, however, admitted that the transfer of genes may be moderate non simply geog raphically free populations of the founding. \nsometimes in an unaffectionate menage place of the pilot program con seduceity repeal self-coloured swarms or, as they are called, bouquets of parvenue species. Examples of this crystallise - Darwins finches from the Galapagos Islands, search and crustaceans Baikal lean cichlid fish fishes of the smashing Lakes. They all cost in the aforementi cardinald(prenominal) habitat, non interbreeding, as they develop special mechanisms of genetical isolation: riposte at different times, the differences in terms of pairing behavior. Typically, males and females of different species do not vizor each(prenominal) other. unless this barricade is soft overcome, for example, by act upon (imprinting). It is know that in Eurasia populate by various species of disconcerts, and in the whacky they al closely do not interbreed. hardly if one gracious of duck globe is located to the come on of another, who came to the duckl ing would tincture kind of instance adopted mother, and as an expectant hushing willing queer only if with individuals, be to him. sometimes it comes to paradoxes. K.Lorents wrote that biddy blank peacock, who grew up in the glasshouse of reptiles, hence life hard to progress to lot of the devil tortoises, not compensable assist to the roughly stunning pavilion. This isolation is called prekopulyatsionnoy. assorted species do not form hybrids and refrain their independence, because it just does not mate. This manner is most customary in high organisms, specially mammals and birds.'