Business Structure and Sustainability

Different organizations manage workforce in different ways. Some value workforce indefinitely while others do not. According to Ford, it is very difficult for top management to treat employees as commodities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Structure and Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He observed how workers were punished when they committed simple mistakes and performed tasks like a machine while they kept silent. This made him comment that â€Å"A great business is really too big to be human†. Though Ford was not pleased by how the employees were working, Green (2008) points that a business as an entity cannot exist without workforce The main feature of personnel management involves coordination within a department as well as collaboration with other units in the organization. Human resource management is a challenging function. Different personnel have different personalities, and they all have to be catered for by the human resource management. It is up to the human resource management to note the difference between the different employees and make use of those abilities for the personal development of the employees and for the development of the organization as well (Willard Hitchcock, 2006). Corporate organizations have different structures that are suited for the management styles of the particular organizations. It is up to management of the organization to determine the organizational structure that would lead to achievement of the mission and vision of the organization, while at the same time ensuring that the human resources are efficiently utilized. The employees of a company should be made to feel that they are appreciated and valued so as to increase their productivity. One of the ways of ensuring this happens is through establishing of clear roles through an effective and well defined organizational structure (Fisher, 2009). Nowadays, busines ses face more challenging tasks since many of them have been set up and are always coming up with new competitive ways so that they can try and stay afloat of the competition in the market. One of the best ways that has been repeatedly used by businesses is the employee retention strategies by human resource departments.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Once the best of employees have been selected from a pool of applicants, organizations must put effort to ensure that they retain those employees and that the employees remain as highly productive as possible (Florence, Henderson D’Amato, 2009). Establishing the best possible organizational structure, hiring and retaining the best employees should be accompanied by the constant renewal of the values, mission and objective of the organization. Leaders in corporate organizations should make use of management styles such as management by walking around (MBWA) to ensure that the employees on the ground feel valued and to make them feel that leaders are aware of the progress of work and are informed in time of any problems in the organization so that solutions can be found in good time so that focus remains on achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization (Florence, Henderson D’Amato, 2009). Development and training helps employees to perform their tasks in an effective manner in translating ideas into products. Business Corporations provides a base for provision of essential human quests. Corporate organizations have been providing a better way of acquiring skills and experiences that can be competitively rewarded in the market. Thus, it provides a means through which employees can achieve prosperity beyond their expectations, a role which was majorly played by churches and cultures. Overall, creating a corporation structure that is built on capital and talent increases the indi vidual’s ability to create wealth (Fisher, 2009). Directing and controlling human resources is one of the major tactical tasks in an organization. Human resources in an organization are responsible for making their own congruent decision on all that they see as best for their life. Directing human personnel in an organization should be done in a skillful manner to ensure that the personnel are satisfied to perform their tasks in effective and efficient manner (Galea, 2004). Poor treatment of employees is one of the major reasons that cause some organizations to develop poor reputations. Corporate organizations should strive to achieve high reputation in their line of business so that they can be able to attract the best and highly qualified employees in an organization. The human resource policies that are established in an organization should clearly indicate and be proof of the commitment of the corporate organization to the quality performance of the employees (Fisher, 200 9).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Structure and Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nowadays, business sustainability is a prime factor in the longevity of business organizations. Consumers are more aware and demanding of responsibility and accountability of organizations to the environment. Most scientists have emphasized about the importance of treating the environment in a manner that will not deplete the available natural resources. Corporate organizations are encouraged to promote good use, cleaning up and conversation of the environment. Those organizations that are involved in environmental conversation are able to use the same concept in attracting of consumers (Galea, 2004). Managers should always understand that humans are not machines; hence, they should be handled with a lot of care. Control and directing of the work force should always be accompanied by good communication rela tionship in an organization. The gap between managers and the workforce should always be minimal to enhance better relationship between managers and employees (Florence, Henderson D’Amato, 2009). Managers should handle employee grievances in an effective manner to ensure that employees are satisfied with the managers’ decision. Any action directed to the employees should be put forth in a proper way to avoid complaints and dissatisfaction by employees. Some managers treat employees as liabilities instead of treating them as valuable assets as they really are. When employees are treated in a humane way, they feel more confident when they approach employers. Such an environment can inspire motivation and creativity which is critical in the organizations (Galea, 2004). The long term success of organizations is dependent on decisions that managers make in regard to the organizational structure, the mission of the company, the human resources of the organization and the ma nagement style used by the manager. A lot of time should be spent on the organization and the relevant tools that are needed in running the organization so that it survives in the long run and not just in the short term (Florence, Henderson D’Amato, 2009). Different leadership models affect the organizations success in different ways. Managers should always use different leadership styles which could enhance organization success. Human effort to control institutions should be made through decision making and giving room for challenges. Employees do not fixed thoughts and emotions that guide them, but they should be treated in different ways because that is one of the ways of increasing their productivity at the workplace and increasing their morale (Holden, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Large numbers of leading organizations in Japan, China, US and Europe have had an increasing commitment to the future growth and sustainability. They have been launching different programs to enhance social and environmental performance of their products facilities, processes and services (Holden, 2007). One of the greatest challenges facing the companies is the way of tracking their progress and communicating it to the employees and other business stakeholders. Opportunities for growth are coming up indefinitely. Future business sustainability depends on how business leaders will use the necessary information available to them in anticipating for the future growth and sustainability (Galea, 2004). For businesses to remain competitive in the global market, they should come up with strategies that put them on top or afloat of the existing competition in the market. Businesses should also ensure that the strategies that they come up with are solid so that they are sustainable in the l ong run and they lead to long term success and presence in the market. Successful businesses recognize that the strategies or tact that they come up with reflects on their integrity and therefore, determines the kind of consumers that they attract and or retain (Holden, 2007). Organizations should acquire the skills and tact of experienced managers who are ready to work hands on to ensure long term goals are achieved and that the missions and objectives of the organization are implemented in a manner that promotes long term sustainability of the organization (Holden, 2007). Most business leaders lack the foresight to anticipate the future making it difficult for them to develop future organizational strategy to solve the adverse changes in market demand. Addressing the future market demand has been a great challenge to the business leaders in developing their strategies for the long term business sustainability and future growth due to the increased emergence of new entrants in the market which could pose a threat to the business (Galea, 2004). Customers have also become more rational than before, thus, sustaining the market share in the market becomes a great challenge to the business. New entrants compete extensively with market leaders by offering products at reduced prices to attract potential customers. This action has resulted in unpredictable changing profits for businesses. Some companies have had their post tax profits decrease below an average estimated rate. Environmental pressure and global change in population has posed threat to the business leader’s success in sustainability. These pose organizational challenges that leaders should tackle for organizational success to be achieved (Willard Hitchcock, 2006). Leaders require clarity in articulating the vision and making a clear picture for the future. The right amount of capital should also be made available to leaders so that they can carry out the necessary organizational objectives that are necessary for the organization to run and achieve long term sustainability (Willard Hitchcock, 2006). Business leaders are therefore, required to lead their business with confidence and have courage in taking a stand. Different environment variables should be expected and prepared for. For example, Motorola Company has been experiencing global changes challenge. The company has however been trying to remain competitive in the industry through provision of new innovative equipment as a technology company. Good business leadership is one of the most important factors that are necessary for an organization to remain in the market even when the competition gets very stiff. An effective leader in an organization should ensure that he or she motivates the employees to raise their morale and positively impact their productivity (Philip, 2010). Future growth and sustainable growth depends on organizational leaders’ ability to anticipate changes, embrace social responsibility, de monstrate leadership and exercising and use of their talent power to the maximum. In terms of corporate social responsibility, corporate organizations’ leaders should organize events that portray the organizations as being responsible and accountable of the contribution of the environment to their performance (Willard Hitchcock, 2006). For example, companies could organize to have tree planting events in areas that have been identified as prime for tree planting by the government. The organization could also pay company participation fees for employees to take part in marathons that have a theme that helps members of the community such as heart and eye surgeries for those that can afford the surgeries in the community (Nurdin, 2008). Business environments have changed to being global. More networking and cross culture leaders and employees are present in markets. Leaders in corporate organizations should indeed look for the best ways of encouraging the workforce in a collabo rative and creative manner. An environmental impact makes it difficult for the business market demand to be sustained, hence, the organization should ensure that it uses the correct skills and talent to help translate new demand forces to skills requirement. If the talent becomes more competitive, it becomes difficult for the business to retain the potential people in the organization. Therefore, organizations should maintain high levels and standards of performance so that they remain competitive to employees (Tittel, 2000). Funds are needed in organizations for many functions including the financing of initiatives and projects training of employees. This requires transferring investment funds to construct a road for knowledge and management skills. An increase in the rate of baby boomers exiting the workforce impacts the business talent pool. The business leaders should ensure that they maintain the organizational talent to enhance business growth and sustainability in future (Wil lard Hitchcock, 2006). Business leaders have been cited as not working extra mile in sustaining the top performing employees thus, having difficult in building the competitive strategy which would enhance the organizations existence in the market. Raymond, (2010) argued that innovation is very crucial in an organization as it equips employees with new ideas which are very crucial for successful business growth. To some leaders measuring sustainability performance in relation to the business process has been a big issue in determining the path that should be taken for the success of their organizations. It is necessary for business leaders to have sustainability performance measurement methods which could help them determine their business performance and level of sustainability. Business leaders and mangers can use performance results to make changes to the organization strategic plans to ensure sustainable performance is achieved in an organization (Raymond, 2010). Corporate organ izations’ leaders have the challenging task of being on the lead in promoting sustainable use of resources in the environment by reducing waste and pollution to the environment. Employees that are hired should be aware of sustainability not just in environmental perspective but also in economic and social fields. If and when employees understand and appreciate the vision of an organization, they are more likely to be committed to the achievement of that organizational objective. Organizational structures that are established and implemented should reflect the need and objective of the organization to stay in the market in the long run. References Fisher, D. (2009). Corporate sustainability planning assessment guide: a comprehensive organizational assessment. Washington DC: American Society for quality press. Florence, S, Henderson, S D’Amato, A. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Business: A Guide to Their Leadership Tasks and Functions. New York, NY: Center for Creative Leadership Galea, C. (2004).Teaching Business Sustainability: From theory to practice. London: Greenleaf publishing. Green, C. (2008).Entrepreneurship: Ideas in Action. London: Cengage learning. Holden, E. (2007). Achieving sustainable mobility: everyday and leisure-time travel in the EU. Canada: Ashgate publishing. Nurdin, G. (2008). International business control, reporting and corporate governance. Oxford: Elsevier. Philip, S. (2010). Sustainable Growth in a Post-Scarcity World: Consumption, Demand, and the.Canada: Gower publishing ltd. Raymond, W, Y (2010). Sustainable economy: corporate, social and environmental responsibility. London: World scientific publishing company. Tittel, P. (2000). Ethical issues in business: inquiries, cases, and readings. Canada: Broadview press. Willard, L Hitchcock, D. (2006).The business guide to sustainability: practical strategies and tools for Organizations. London: Earthscan publishers. This essay on Business Structure and Sustainability was written and submitted by user Kody D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Musical Themes in Conan the Barbarian

Musical Themes in Conan the Barbarian Thesis statement Those who had been introduced to the history of cinematography are well aware of the fact that, even before the beginning of a ‘talkie’ era, musical accompaniment played rather important role in highlighting movies’ semantic significance. As it was pointed out by Gianetti, ‘(prior to 1927) In the large city theaters, full orchestras provided atmospheric background to the visuals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Musical Themes in the Film Conan the Barbarian specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In small towns, a piano was often used for the same purpose.’[1] Nevertheless, it was namely after sound became integrally incorporated into movies’ representational matrix that the full potential of utilizing musical scores in cinematography was revealed, especially in the case of classically edited films. The reason for this is simple – given the fact that in classic ally edited movies, directors strive to ensure the semiotic plausibility of every single scene as their foremost objective; it naturally predisposes them towards emphasizing takes’ psychological integrity. And, the best way to accomplish it is to represent characters’ behavioral three-dimensionality as being dialectically predetermined – that is, to show the qualitative essence of characters’ existential mode as such that correlates with the affiliated environment/background. The utilization of appropriate musical themes comes particularly helpful in this respect, as it substantiates the realness of film’s themes and motifs, reflected in the manner of how characters react to life’s challenges. In this paper, we will aim to explore earlier articulated thesis at length, while referring to John Milius’s 1982 famous film Conan the Barbarian, featuring musical score by Basil Poledouris, as we believe that this film represents a particularl y notable example how the utilization of thematically appropriate music in cinematographic work can endow it with an aura of historicity – hence, ensuring its cult status. Analytical part The viewing of Conan the Barbarian leaves very little doubt as to the fact that, semantically speaking, the conceptual genre of this movie closely relates to the genre of Scandinavian sagas, which glorify the virtue of physical strength while exposing it as being deeply affiliated with corresponding psychological traits of courageousness, loyalty and one’s commitment to its sense of duty. Therefore, it comes as no particular surprise that the themes and motifs, contained in Milius’s film, endorse essentially Nordic outlook on surrounding realities, the qualitative essence of which is being defined by an ongoing confrontation between Good (Light) and Evil (Darkness).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More While referring to the subtleties of movie’s plot, Saunders states, ‘It is immediately clear who the villains of this piece are supposed to be†¦ atavistic, bestially inclined black man, who worship the Edenic serpent, as opposed to Conan’s ‘Crom,’ a singular, anthropomorphic Norse-type deity.’[2] Apparently, while composing music for Conan the Barbarian, Poledouris never ceased being aware of what accounted for Wagnerian operas’ immense popularity in Western ecumene – namely the fact that the motifs of these operas corresponded rather well with the workings of White people’s archetypical psyche. The same can be said about the music of John Williams, featured in Star Wars space opera – just as it being the case with Poledouris’s musical themes, written for Conan the Barbarian, Williams’s music invokes White people’s subconscious belief in ever-present dualit y of life’s emanations and in the eventual triumph of quality over quantity. According to Paulus, ‘Both of them (Wagner’s operas and Williams’ musical scores) deal with largely mythological themes†¦ In both of them we find a clear division of leitmotifs into Good (Light) and Bad (Darkness) themes.’[3] Therefore, it is not only that in Conan the Barbarian Poledouris’s themes provide a musical background to unfolding of the plot, but also validate plot’s soundness, which in its turn is being concerned with exploring the motif of a single hero coming out a winner from confrontation with impossible odds. As it was noted by Gianatti in the book from which we have already quoted, ‘Beginning with the opening credits, music can serve as a kind of overture to suggest the mood or spirit of the film as a whole.’[4] This is exactly the role that the Prologue theme fulfills in Conan the Barbarian. Despite the fact that this theme only features an ominously sounding drumbeat, it nevertheless establishes an objective precondition for viewers to be implanted with a sensation that they are about to watch a highly epical story of one’s rise to power (00.00.02). Narrator’s introductory monologue, ‘Let me tell of about the days of high adventure’ (00.01.30) strengthens this impression even more – from the very beginning of a movie, viewers’ exposal to the Prologue theme, helps them to adopt a proper cognitive mood.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Musical Themes in the Film Conan the Barbarian specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Just as it is being the case with most Faustian (Western) heroes, the character of Conan is being initially represented emanating innocence. This is exactly the reason why the pitch, tone and timbre of the beginning of Riddle of Steel theme, which provides a musical background to the sce ne in which young Conan is shown fishing (05.58.00), is best described as rather subdued. Nevertheless, as movie progresses further, the scene of inhabitants of Conan’s village taking care of their domestic affairs gets to be abruptly replaced with the scene of Doom riders advancing towards the village (00.07.11). The sheer sensation of danger, emanated by this particular scene, is being acoustically replicated by corresponding Riders of Doom theme, which radiates the spirit of a military action – cruel, prompt and decisive. After Conan gets to be sold into slavery by evil Thulsa Doom, he is being led to the Wheel of Pain, in order to be chained up to it and to push the handles of this wheel 24/7, so that the wheel could be rotating non-stop, regardless of the time of the year or weather. The watching of this scene is absolutely crucial for anyone who wants to gain an insight into what constituted Conan’s psychological makeup – apparently, director wanted to emphasize the fact that Conan was not born a ‘natural fighter’ but was turned into a fighter by being subjected to the years and years of systematic abuse, which nevertheless did not break Conan spiritually. The listening of correlative Wheel of Pain theme (00.15.10) legitimizes audiences’ perception of Conan as a surrogate-Jesus, who was gaining strength while being humiliated. Just as it is being usually the case in Wagnerian operas, the beginning of this theme features clearly melodic but rather subdued and monotonous sounding, supplemented by a muffled drumbeat. Nevertheless, as it unravels, the theme begins to sound ever more emotionally intense and eventually reaches its heroically sounding climax in the scene when grown up Conan lifts up his head in rather defiant manner (00.16.33). Thus, the implications of this particular musical theme are quite clear – it substantiates viewers’ initial perception of Conan as ‘hero in makingâ€⠄¢. As Spottiswood had put it, ‘Musical leitmotifs act as emotives and assist the visual film towards insight into the characters they are attached to.’[5] This is why, despite the fact that throughout movie’s entirety Conan does not talk very much, viewers recognize his act as being rationally motivated.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The validity of an earlier statement can also be explored in film’s consequential parts that feature Poledouris’s music playing in the background. For example, in the scene where Conan and his friend Subotai walk through the town (00.37.59), the beginning of a corresponding Civilization theme appears slightly atonal, which was meant to highlight Conan’s attitude towards Eastern exotics that he associates with the absence of a fresh air. Yet, once Conan and Subotai again find themselves in the middle of open plains, the music adopts back its epic sounding (00.38.09). Consequently, viewers are being provided with an additional clue as to the essence of Conan’s existential identity as someone who simply cannot be corrupted and who appreciates freedom above all. At the same time, given the fact that Conan the Barbarian is classically edited movie, it would be wrong to think of Poledouris’s music in the film as such that serves the purpose of accentuati ng characters’ psychological identity alone. In the same scene that we have already mentioned, the inclusion of Civilization theme helps to ensure the linear continuity between scene’s takes. Such our idea connects well with Gorbman’s suggestion that the inclusion of appropriately sounding musical scores in films does help viewers to become a part of cinematographic action, ‘The musical score can act to promote continuity or to punctuate, as well as to comment on emotional states in the dramatic action.’[6] For example, without Poledouris’s music playing in the background, the consequential shots of Conan eating some rotten meat off the stick (00.37.54), giving mean looks to bystanders (38.03.00), and then running through the open fields (00.38.09) would make little rational sense. As a result, this would undermine film’s time-related integrity. Nevertheless, the fact that, while being exposed to these shots, viewers simultaneously get to listen to Civilization theme, provides them with the sensation of ‘time compression’ – even though these shots are being flashed on the screen for duration of only few seconds, we get to perceive them as being rather spatially extended. In his book, Gianetti had made a perfectly valid point while suggesting that the role of music in films is being also concerned with helping viewers to orient in the actual settings, ‘Certain kinds of music can suggest locales, classes, or ethnic groups.’[7] In the scene where Conan sneaks into the Church of Serpent (00.43.44), there is the Serpent theme playing in the background that feature clearly defined Oriental undertones. Thus, by being exposed to this theme, viewers do not only gain a better understanding of the locale, where action takes place, but they are also being implanted with a sense of alienation from this specific locale as something inheritably wicked. In its turn, this helps to substantiate fil m’s conceptual premise as to the fact that it is namely one’s willingness to assess surrounding reality through the lenses of euro-centric rationale, and not through the lenses of some primeval mysticism/spirituality (as it is usually the case with non-Whites), which establishes objective preconditions for such individual to come as a winner out of confrontation with evil. The same can be said about the Orgy theme, the sounding of which provides contextual integrity to the scene in which Conan and his friends make an unwelcomed appearance in Thusla Doom’s actual headquarters, inside the Mountain of Doom (01.27.58). There can be very little doubt that the sounding of this particular theme is being reminiscent to the sounding of Catholic chants. In its turn, this helped Milius to subtly promote his outlook on just about any Eastern religion (such as Christianity, for example) as being spiritually alien to physically and mentally healthy White males, embodied by th e character of Conan. Apparently, it was not simply an accident that movie’s opening credits feature Friedrich Nietzsche’s famous statement: ‘that which does not kill us makes us stronger’. In his article, Pecora points out to the fact that Milius had conceived Conan the Barbarian as ideologically engaged movie, ‘His (Nietzsche’s) name will come up in the most unlikely contexts - quoted suddenly by avowed ‘Zen fascist’ John Milius at the opening of his Conan the Barbarian.’[8] In all probability, it was Nietzsche’s anti-religious stance that attracted Milius to his philosophy and had consequentially prompted him to utilize Poledouris’s musical score to mock Christianity as the religion of decay and corruption. After all, Poledouris himself had never made secret of his fascination with Nietzsche’s philosophical insights. As we have stated earlier, when assessed from structuralist point of view, Conan th e Barbarian closely reminds Scandinavian epic sagas. Therefore, it is quite explainable why film’s climax is being shifted towards its very end, when Conan indulges in the battle with Doom Riders and consequentially decapitates Thulsa Doom – hence, attaining the Nietzschean status of a ‘lion-child’. This also explains why Battle of the Mounds theme, featured as the musical background to this particular scene, is the most memorable of all. Unlike what it is being the case with the rest of Poledouris’s music, presented in the film, the movements of Battle of the Mounds theme match Conan’s act with perfect exactness. At the beginning of a scene, where Conan and his friends are being shown making preparations for the battle, the corresponding theme emanates the feeling of an anticipation – there is not that much of an actual music but largely the rhythmical drumbeat, supplemented by symphonic elements (01.46.19). Nevertheless, as soon as D oom Riders show up on the horizon, the symphonic overtones of a theme begin to sound progressively louder (01.48.30) – hence, signifying the sheer ferociousness of Thulsa Doom’s cavalry charge. The scene culminates when, after having waited for Doom’s horsemen to approach, Conan hits the closest rider in the belly with his axe (01.49.39), which is being immediately followed by a dramatic rise in the affiliative theme’s tone and pitch. It is needles to mention, of course, that while editing this particular scene, Milius succeeded rather spectacularly with conveying movie’s foremost message to the viewers: ‘All that matters is that few stood against many. That is important’ (01.49.03). And, the fact that in Conan the Barbarian Poledouris’s compositions provide a musical background to the action on the screen, had helped him enormously in this respect. Conclusions The earlier conducted analysis of what accounts for the significance of Poledouris’s music in Milius’s movie, allows us to come with the following set of conclusions, regarding the discussed subject matter: The foremost role that Poledouris’s musical score appears to play in Conan the Barbarian is being concerned with prompting viewers to assess the implication of a screen-action through the lenses of existential idealism – that is, by being exposed to this music, viewers are expected to eventually adopt Milius’s heroic life-philosophy as their own. Given clearly Wagnerian sounding and stylistic refinement of Poledouris’s music, we can safely assume that Milius had largely succeeded in that. In Conan the Barbarian, the function of Poledouris’s music is also being concerned with substantiating the psychological plausibility of characters’ behavior. Given the fact that the foremost aesthetic feature of film’s music is the sheer extent of its dramaticism, it comes as no surprise for the vi ewers that, throughout movie’s entirety, the character of Conan acts in essentially heroic manner. In Milius’s film, music is also being utilized to invoke a variety of unconscious anxieties, in regards to one’s physical appearance, deep within viewers’ psyche, which in its turn, prompts them to consciously subscribe to the idea that the notion of physical beauty/strength and the notion of intellectual integrity derive out of each other. Poledouris’s musical score, featured in Conan the Barbarian, makes it easier for the viewers to follow the unfolding of the plot, as it encourages them to think of plot’s developments as being dialectically predetermined. We believe that the conclusions, we have come up with, confirm the validity of paper’s initial hypothesis as to the fact that the utilization of thematically appropriate music in movies helps directors to increase these movies’ aesthetic appeal to the broader audiences, which in its turn, results in ensuring the concerned films’ commercial success. Reference List Conan the barbarian. video recording. 20th Century Fox. 1982. Giannetti, L, Understanding movies, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2001. Gorbman, C, ‘Music as Salvation: Notes on Fellini and Rota’. Film Quarterly, vol. 28, no. 2, 1975, pp. 17-25. Paulus, I, ‘Williams versus Wagner or an attempt at linking musical epics’,  International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music, vol. 31, no. 2, 2000, pp. 153-184. Pecora, V, ’Nietzsche, genealogy, critical Theory’. New German Critique, no. 53, 1991, pp. 104-130. Saunders, D, Arnold: Schwarzenegger and the Movies, I.B. Tauris, London, 2009. Spottiswoode, R, A Grammar of the film: An analysis of film  technique, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1962. Footnotes L Giannetti, Understanding movies, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2001, p. 209. D Saunders, Arnold: Schwarzenegger and the M ovies, I.B. Tauris, London, 2009, p. 51. I Paulus, ‘Williams versus Wagner or an attempt at linking musical epics’. International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music, vol. 31, no. 2, 2000, p. 158. Gianetti, p. 222. R Spottiswoode, A Grammar of the film: An analysis of film technique, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1962, p. 193. C Gorbman, ‘Music as Salvation: Notes on Fellini and Rota’. Film Quarterly, vol. 28, no. 2, 1975, p. 17. Gianetti, p. 223. V Pecora, ’Nietzsche, Genealogy, Critical Theory’. New German Critique, no. 53, 1991, p. 104.

Social Interaction of Those with Genius IQs Essay

Social Interaction of Those with Genius IQs - Essay Example In the course of the research, varying and opposing definitions of genius were arrived at. The term genius was at first referred to as a "man endowed with superior faculties" referring to some popular figures as the famous author and lexicographer Dr. Samuel Johnson, Albert Einstein, Immanuel Kant, Abraham Lincoln, Isaac Newton, Leonardo da Vinci and many others. It was also referred to as a quality, "that everyone possessed, an animating spirit that represented one's character and interests as much as one's ability". Through time, there were changes in the understanding of the term and was then associated with "one's natural ability or talent, and eventually with the special ability of a few". (Benet, 2005) In some other references as in the article of David Every, he insinuated to link genius to insanity, and gave a definition "an abnormal IQ, to the point where the person is 1.5 times as "logical" as the average person, or basically testing beyond the 98th percentile (3rd or 4th deviation)". (2006) Genius was also linked to psychoticism as some form of madness, "associated with an above-average level of psychological disturbance, though in combination with high general intelligence". (Brand, n.d.) However, in the more recent century, when the interests shifted to psychometric methods of assessment, the term genius became associated with the quantitative concept "Intelligence Quotient or IQ". Intelligence Quotient Intelligence Quotient or IQ is "the ratio of an individual's estimated mental age and chronological age multiplied by 100". Alfred Binet, a French psychologist developed the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale in 1905 that measured the intelligence quotient. The initial IQ classification geared a scale of, IQ -140 and over as genius or near genius, 120-140 as very superior intelligence, 110-120 as superior intelligence, 90-110 as normal or average intelligence, 80-90 as dullness, 70-80 as borderline deficiency, 50-69 as moron, 20-49 as imbecile and below 20 as idiot. The classification changed in 1997 by the David Welcher - the Adult Intelligence Scale, which classified IQ -130 and above as very superior, 120-129 as superior, 110-119 as high average, 90-109 as average, 80-89 as low average, 70-79 as borderline and 69 and below as extremely low. Welcher's terminologies used were noticeably more considerate and humane and avoided type casting. The term genius was not used anymore. (Benet, C lassification n.d.) Intelligence and Genius The conflicting issue is that studies did not show clear relationship with IQ and the popular meaning of genius. It was noted that IQs of popular personalities were approximated in the above 130 or genius level. But the concept used is that of popularity. The word genius was derived from the Latin word, "gignere" which meant to beget or to produce. The reference to genius is one's ability to create something, which, the IQ tests did not measure. Albert Einstein was, according to sources, not an achiever as a child. The development of his speech was delayed and he dropped out of his early school years. He was also report to have failed in the college admission test in Zurich. But Einstein was recognized

Should Smoking be banded in New Orleans' casinos Essay

Should Smoking be banded in New Orleans' casinos - Essay Example It covers Bars, Restaurants, Casinos, Patios, Hotel and Motel Rooms, Patios, Courtyards, Balconies, Parks, Public Events, Hotel and Motel Rooms, Bingo and Video Poker Halls, Sidewalks and Streets, Private Homes, Private Clubs, Conventions, Nursing Homes and assisted living areas, Stadiums, Care Facilities, Correctional Facilities, Amphitheaters and Outdoor Areas, and Bus Shelters. Hookah and Cigar Bars and Vape Shops however will be exempted from the ban (Mahey & Miller 312-46). The Mayor argues that the ban is about quality of life, protecting citizens and making the neighborhoods safer. The City Council will proceed with an aggressive campaign to create awareness about the ban. Enforcement will be placed on the hands of City health and code inspectors. Bars that defy the ban are subject to fines and penalties. Debate is torn between those decrying the dangers of second-hand smoke and those fearing for the collapse of businesses that host smokers. The smoking debate has been raging for a long time. Those in support of smoking bans argue that many people die from lung cancer and heart disease and that the world would be a better place without cigarettes. They say that smoking harms non-smokers who inadvertently inhale second-hand smoke and that it kills more people than alcohol; car accidents and AIDS combined. Smoking kills 1.2 million people in China and 430,000 people a year in America and about 50,000 non-smokers die from smoke related diseases in America (Farley & Cohen 18-20). The National Cancer Institute, Surgeon General of the United States and National Institute of Health all support the smoking ban particularly because of the effects of second-hand smoke on nonsmokers. Banning smoking will improve air quality they say and smoking bans are becoming common in the United States and the world over. The American Nonsmokers Rights Foundation reports that 36 States and 900 cities have enacted laws requiring bars and restaurants to be smoke free. More places

Government corruption in Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Government corruption in Africa - Research Paper Example The paper tells that corruption exist s in all parts of the globe, in evolving and also in developed countries. In latest years, there has been a significant rise in the devotion given to corruption. This has been triggered by a number of reasons. The first one is due to the rise in criminal cases related to corruption in industrialized countries. The second reason is due to an increase in awareness of the expenses of corruption all over the world. Thirdly is in line for the political and also the economic alterations which most nations are experiencing. Corruption in Africa is a growth impediment. African nations are not able to tolerate the price of corruption that hinders growth and also reduces the capability of government to diminish poverty. Corruption therefore has become a core enemy of economy and development in most of African countries. Corruption has spread like storm all over post-independence Africa for more than 4 decades. There is absolutely no country all over the co ntinent that has not been affected by this disease. They are either affected to a greater or lesser degree by the corruption virus. Since political independence, the foul of gross mismanagement of national economies and raiding of national treasuries for deposit in European and also offshore bank accounts became the tendency in most countries of Africa. In October 2006, the head of the World Bank disclosed that Nigeria executives had stolen an amount of more than 300 billion dollars of their nation’s wealth over the last forty years. But the issue is not just limited to a few bad apples through. Corruption is not just pervasive but also a key part of the social material of life. For those at the lower and end part of the society, like humble civil servant, the sale of limited power they possess is practically their only means of survival. Higher up force is one of the major ways of enrichment.

Relationships Between Employees And Employers

Relationships Between Employees And Employers The subject of this study is the relationships between employees, employers and their representatives in the United Kingdom and mainly the changes that have occurred in the last few years. What is meant exactly by employee relations? What has changed since the Industrial Revolution? Salaman (2000) defines employee relations as a reflection of the development of more diverse employment patterns, the growth of high tech and commercial sectors, reduced levels of unionisation and use of management strategies aimed at individualising the employment relationship, in other terms it is the new management of all the variables which influence the work namely the management style, the level of employees motivation, the work environment, job satisfaction, the objectives of the company etc. We can differentiate three phases in the evolution of employee relations since the end of the Second World War, the third one being the partnership approach. Until 1979 (date of the election of the Conservative Party), work relations were based on collective bargaining and collective agreement aiming to determine and regulate, in varying degrees, the terms on which individuals will be employed (Flanders, 1968), with a strong voluntarism encouraged massively and informally. The trade unions (basically, it is an association of wage earners, totally independent of employers pressure, who struggle to improve work conditions) had a lot of power and everything was negotiated through deals. In fact, a Trade Union, through collective bargaining can force employers to deal with labour as a collective identity, rather than isolated individuals, and so, secure better the terms and condition of employment (Webb Webb, 1920). However, when the conservative party was elected in 1979, everything changed. The new government introduced a lot measures to limit the role of trade unions. In addition, it introduced an enterprise culture in which individuals and organisations, rather than government, were to be held responsible for economic performance. Thus, as well as rejecting the maintenance of full employment as a major policy objective, they in effect abandoned the commitment of their predecessors to voluntary collective bargaining as the most effective method of determining pay and conditions. Then, there was a total break with the old work patterns but an explanation of this will be the economical context. In fact, after the war, there was a period of reconstruction that engendered a lot of work; manufacturing was the backbone of the economy, it was a period of full employment. After that, there was a wave of privatisation, many companies became multinationals, and there was an internationalisation of business. The aim of the study will be to analyse and evaluate the new approach to the management of employee relations. Firstly, the author will define and explore what the partnership approach is. Then, the study will continue by examining the advantages and the disadvantages of this approach to each stakeholder (employees, employers and Trade Unions). Finally, an evaluation of the prospects for success of the partnership approach and an expression of a critical comparison with the previous ones will be highlighted. The Employment Relation (ER) Employment relationship is an economical exchange of labour capacity in return for the production of goods and services. It is very important to understand the implications of all the aspects of employment relations. High levels of collaboration between the workforce and management are likely to be consistent with greater reliability of production and quality of output, which in turn would bolster the organizations market position. Thus, employment relation is one of the most significant areas that need to be invested (Rollinson, 1993). Salaman (2000) defines employment relations as a reflection of the development of more diverse employment patterns, the growth of high tech and commercial sectors, reduced levels of unionisation and use of management strategies aimed at individualising the employment relationship, in other terms it is the new management of all the variables which influence the work namely the management style, the level of employees motivation, the work environment, job satisfaction, the objectives of the company etc. The state (all levels of government) plays a crucial role in employment relations, both directly and indirectly. The roles undertaken by governments may be categorised into five components including maintaining protective standards; establishing rules for the interaction between the parties; ensuring that the results of such interaction were consistent with the apparent needs of economy; providing services for labour and management such as advice, conciliation, arbitration and training; and as a major employer. The management of the ER system in Britain Britain is a country of Western Europe comprising England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Until July 2003, the British population is 60,094,648. At the height of its power in the 19th century it ruled an empire that spanned the globe (Stewart, 2005: 23-25). It is the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. The first half of the 20th century saw the Britains strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the Britain rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. It is also a leading trading power and financial centre, is one of the quartets of trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. The British industrial relations system has a long history and has undergone much change in recent years. There are three phases in the evolution of employee relations since the end of the World War II, the third one being the partnership approach. Until 1979 (date of the election of the Conservative Party), work relations were based on collective bargaining and collective agreement aiming to determine and regulate, in varying degrees, the terms on which individuals will be employed (Flanders, 1968), with a strong voluntarism encouraged massively and informally. The partnership approach What is it? The use of this term is a relatively recent political phenomenon. Some people affirm that it is just a term used by the Government to attract popular support because nobody can be against Partnership (Knell, 1999). Some others, more optimistic, see in this term a new pluralist approach to industrial relations. This concept comes from the idea that enterprises should recognise the interests of each stakeholder, namely employees, employers and their representatives, in order to satisfy each party. The aim of this approach is to find a common interest of management and labour, through trust and mutual involvement, instilling a sense of belonging and involvement. The Involvement and Participation Association (IPA, 1992) identifies six key principles: A shared commitment to the success of enterprise, including support for flexibility and the replacement of adversarial relations. A recognition that interests of the partners may legitimately differ. Employment security, including measures to improve the employability of staff as well as limit the use of compulsory redundancy. A focus on the quality of working life. A commitment to transparency, including a real sharing of hard, unvarnished information, an openness to discussing plans for the future, genuine consultation and preparedness to listen to the business case for alternative strategies. Adding value the hallmark of an effective partnership is that it taps into sources of commitment and / or resources that were not accessed by previous arrangement. For the New Labour government, partnership at work becomes an important objective. B. Its dimensions 1. Who are the partners? The partnership is between individual employer and individual employee and their representatives but the latter partner is weak in the new work relation. The partnership approach is more focused on individual relationships than a collective one, like in the past. Indeed, New Labour insists on individual choice. For them, it is not an obligation to integrate a working union. It emphasises that individuals are the best judges of their own individual interests. That is to say that the individual has the choice of whether or not to join a trade union and whether or not to take part in the coverage by collective agreement. It might mean the new government is not really in favour of the trade unions. In fact, some people think that a trade union would be an enemy of the partnership approach in the sense that trade unions defend the workers interests and they always have a confrontational relationship with the employers. Then, how can a partnership be formed if one of the partners does not make an effort to find a common agreement? In this way, the trade unions role has to be redefined. They have to play a co-operative role with employers in order to find some common interests which satisfy both the employees and the employers. The psychological contract The psychological contract is the basis of a partnership approach. It is the link between employers and employees. It establishes the expectations, aspirations and understandings which they have of each other (Herriot, 1998). The author has noticed that the psychological contract has changed since the last few years because of the changes of the work environment (change in workforce structure, re-engineering, downsizing.). The old psychological contract was based on security and predictability, now it is more situational and short term and assumes that each party is much less dependent on the other for survival and growth. According to Hiltrop (1995), the new contract can be defined as follows: There is no job security, the employee will be employed as long as he/she adds value to the organisation, and is personally responsible for finding new ways to add value. In return, the employee has the right to demand interesting and important work, has the freedom and resources to perform it well, receives, pay that reflects his or her contributions and get experience and training needed to be employable here or elsewhere. The psychological contract has to be strong and truthful to allow a partnership relation The voluntary aspect of the partnership New Labour insists on the voluntary aspect of the new work relation. The partnership should be introduced through cultural changes which will lead to more positive relationships between employers and employees than the letter of the law can ever achieve. That is to say that the law itself can not resolve the problem of employee relations, some cultural changes have to emerge first. Employers and employees have to make some effort to improve the work relationship. The advantages and the disadvantages of the partnership approach: A. For the employees 1. Advantages With the partnership approach, employees benefit from a Family atmosphere with friendly policies. For example, they benefit from new working arrangements which allow a greater flexibility. There is a harmonisation of working conditions, policies and procedures for all employees under training. The partnership approach introduces a new pay structure: pay is monthly through credit transfer, and the traditional annual pay is replaced by an objective formula. Moreover, a reduction of the working week for manual and craft employees can be observed. 2. Disadvantages However, the partnership approach introduces the notion of the individual worker. In this way, trade unions are less useful in the employer/employee relationship and lose their power. Then, the employee is in a weaker position than his/her employer (a caution has to be noticed because, trade unions have a right to accompany their members during the disciplinary or grievance interview). B. For the employers 1. Advantages Firstly, the partnership gives a good reputation to the enterprise which applies it. Moreover, it allows a greater stability of employment because employer talks to employee and establishes some rights and some obligations that each party has to respect (limit the turnover, strikes and so on). The relationship between both is more respectful and equal. Furthermore, the partnership allows a greater openness over the enterprise. Through it, the employers know what is wrong with the employees and try to find how they can fix it. The work atmosphere is more friendly and truthful. The partnership approach is, as well, a need for a change in approach to the trade unions. To date, the relation between employers and trade unions is based on confrontation. This new approach gives a secondary role to the trade unions and privileges the individual employer/employee relations, which is easier to manage. Moreover, employers try to improve work conditions, in return they profit from a greater activity because workers feel good in the company. In addition they can have greater performance appraisal and a new understanding of performance management through control and feed back. 2. Disadvantages This approach demands a lot of administration and is quite constraining for a company. To fire an employee who has a poor performance for example, the employer has to give a first warning and propose a disciplinary interview in order to detect what is wrong with this employee. If nothing has changed, the employee can receive another warning, the last one, before the dismissal (or other sanctions). Sometimes, procedures take too much time and engender an economical loss. Moreover, the enterprise can lose some power in relation to its employees. Previously, employers had the economic power over employees, now this power is more shared between both because their relationship is more interdependent. C. For the trade unions 1. Advantages There is a new stake in their role as representatives. They have to prove the value of the employers to the employees and the value of the employees to the employers. Moreover, the trade unions can profit from a partnership fund in order that employers and employee representatives work together to support innovative projects to develop the partnership approach in the workplace (Lord McIntosh Lord Hansard, May 1999). 2. Disadvantages The partnership approach has more disadvantages than advantages for the trade unions. Through it, trade unions lose some power. Firstly, their recognition is limited. According to the government, the trade union has a secondary role in the employer/employee relationship. Then, their role has to be redefined in a more consultative sense; it has to focus on the information, the communication, the representation and the partnership. Their contribution to the partnership is potentially useful but far from being essential. Thus, trade unions are worried about their traditional role which is to defend the workers interests. They think that in this new approach, employee representatives will become part of the management. Moreover, according to the IPA, the partnership needs a different channel than the union one, because this model is not adequate anymore. In fact, the union presence is weak or non-existent in the majority of companies in Britain, therefore, the partnership needs a new representative structure. Evaluation and criticism of the prospects for success of the partnership approach The employment relation through the partnership approach becomes fairer. For example, union co-operation in more flexible work patterns, teamworking, the introduction of annualised hours and the harmonisation of terms and conditions of employment are all greater assets of the partnership approach. Concerning job security, the partnership approach remains limited: The job security guarantees have been identified as the hallmark of partnership approach by many of its advocates, although, they have no featured in all such agreements. In most cases, they amount to relatively limited management commitments to avoid the use of compulsory redundancy as a means of labour shedding- a fairly familiar practice in organisations that can attract sufficient candidates for early retirement and voluntary redundancy with enhanced severance payments. Moreover in some partnership agreement, trade unions and employees are required to co-operate with measures with make the avoidance of compulsory redundancy easier, including the acceptance of the companys use of subcontracted, temporary or short-term contract staff ( Taibly Winchester, 2000 and Bach Sisson,2000). Moreover, the fundamental need for a successful approach requires some cultural changes; we have to break with the old practice (industrial/adversarial ones) because we cannot access a new form of management without this. Furthermore, the partnership approach appeared in a particular political context. In fact, it was the end of the Conservative government (characterised by a policy of deregulation) and the beginning of the Labour party which developed the important idea of commitment to the partnership in the workplace. But, its aim has to be analysed very carefully because we can notice that the government refused to take part in some social policy proposals developed by the European commission. This reaction is contrary to the apparent willingness of the government to introduce fairness in work and at work. However, some surveys show that employees feel better with the partnership agreement. We can notice that job satisfaction level is greater than before (Bach Sisson, 2000) but this result has to be taken with caution if we refer to the recent strike of the Post Offices which occurred last month. Then, the question is whether the partnership approach is successful? In the historical, political and economical context, the author thinks that partnership and the willingness of each stakeholder are present. The difficulty is just trying to apply it in the best way. Britain has made a lot of effort to improve work conditions. Compared to the past, this approach is the compromise between the two previous ones. Indeed, the first one (~1945-1979) was too dominated by the trade unions. The following one was too adversarial; the employees lost all their rights. Thus, this new approach tries to satisfy both parties. Conclusion The work is not finished. If the partnership approach succeeds in satisfying the stakeholders, it needs to be improved again. Britain needs to work on other more social law proposals and take part in the European ones. However, the employment relations are governed by the variation of the market as well; hence, it is very difficult to satisfy everybody. But, the important thing is to try to do the best. Moreover, there will always be some disagreements and unfairness in work and at work; we have to be patient because it takes time to change the mind of each person.

The Role Of Women in Shakespeares Othello Essays -- GCSE English Lite

The Role Of Women in Othello In Shakespeare's Othello, as in most writings of his time, women are viewed as trophies or objects to capture the attention of men. I do not doubt that these men do love their wives, but the love, respect and admiration for their women is much different that of our time. It seems modern women are much more capable of having what could be known as an "equal opportunity" marriage. In the days of sacred virginity, and honesty of one's word, well off women such as Desdemona were not given responsibility. Women in her position sat back and left the work up to their men and their servants. In due time they were given respect and admiration, and were seen as angels to be loved and cared for, but what does this really matter when one is unable to care for themselves, or have the power to accomplish without being told that someone supposedly more powerful will take care of it for them? I feel that this misogyny and sexism is eternal and even now, our world suffers from it. Many say this has t o do with the "times" and the period in which Shakespeare was writing. But still, in these times as many others, there were people even then, that knew that misogyny and sexism were wrong, and must be changed. Unfortunately, it was not a general consensus. In this play, the roles of women are perfectly laid out. There's the well off good girl, the cute middle class girl who waits on the well to do girl. Then at the bottom of it all, there is the prostitute, slut that every man and boy has fantasized about. So in essence, men have it all in this play, every major fantasy, war, violence, and betrayal. So we see who Shakespeare’s writings catered to. ... ...!" They depend on their love for their husbands, and their husbands use it as power against them, abusing the ideals of trust and morality. (P.165) Another issue that most do not deal with when it comes to writings like Shakespeare is the language used towards certain genres of people, especially women. In many occasions do male characters in this play call women "wenches" (p.139) or "wreches" (p.123). Then the men (Othello) say things like "Nor from mine own weak merits will draw The smallest fear or doubt of her revolt, For she had eyes, and chose me." (p.131) Men are praise when they do the slightest of "gentlemanly" acts, but never punished for speaking badly towards women. There needs to be some sort of revolt or revolution for these women and they would not be trapped in situations where they are not comfortable with themselves or their surroundings.

Slavery in Brazil

Edmund Burke, the acclaimed author and philosopher once said, â€Å"Slavery is a weed that grows on every soil. † Between the 16th and 19th century in the Americas, millions on millions of slaves were brought to the New World. There purpose was to work. The economy of most European colonies in America was dependent on slaves. The land that was discovered in Americas was useless with out sufficient slave labor to exploit it. In this essay, I will focus on two nations where slavery played an enormous role in the development of that country. First, The United States, where in 1860 in South Carolina over 50 percent of the population were slaves.Next, Brazil, the nation where about one third of all salves from Africa were brought. In this essay I will compare slavery in The United States to slavery in Brazil, I will dissect the similarities and differences while focusing on why and how the slaves came, the demographic and religious aspects, the treatment of the slaves, and the afte rmath on both countries due to slavery. Around the year 1530 the Portuguese came to Brazil in search of land and natural resources, specifically sugar. As the Portuguese and the indigenous people of Brazil battled for land, the Brazilians resisted against being enslaved.As the Portuguese presence grew in Brazil so did disease, causing the death of most of the working indigenous people. As the number of sugar plantations grew, the demand for workers did as well. This is the main reason why Brazil began to import slaves from Africa. Although the origin of slaves in The United States was similar to Brazil, there were some differences. In the year 1619, only around 10 years after the British began to colonize US, a Dutch slave trader exchanged about 20 Africans for food in Jamestown, Virginia. Like Brazil, the U. S needed workers for plantations, but while Brazil focused on the sugar plantations, the U.S was focused on the tobacco plantations. In general, both Brazil and the U. S lacked a major resource in order to maintain a strong economy, that resource being workers. Although Brazil used more slaves towards sugar and the U. S used more towards tobacco, in general the slaves worked in mines or they worked in a sugar, rice, tobacco, or cotton plantation. Although the U. S played a larger role in the process, both Brazil and the U. S participated in the Triangular Slave Trade. Some say the Triangular Slave Trade is the reason why 10 to 15 million of Africans were shipped to the Americas between 1650 and 1860.The slave trade was simple yet wrong on so many levels. The slave trade took several different routes, but there were two popular ones. The most common route would first start in Europe where the Europeans would trade manufactured goods for slaves in Africa. Next, the slaves were transported across the Atlantic Ocean to Brazil and the Caribbean where the slaves were sold for huge profits or traded for sugar, coffee, and tobacco. The journey from Africa to the Americas was known as the middle passage. Olaudah Equiano was a slave captured and sold into slavery.In his book, The Life of Olaudah Equiano the African, when describing the middle passage he writes, â€Å"I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a greeting in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life; I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat. I now wished for the last friend, death, to relieve me; but soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me eatables; and, on my refusing to eat, one of them held me fast by the hands, and laid me across, The white people looked and acted, as I thought, in so savage a manner; for I had never seen among my people such instances of brutal cruelty.The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, almost suffocated us. The air soon became unfit for respiration, from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died. The shrieks of the women, and the gr oans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable. As you can tell, the conditions were brutal to say the least. Another popular triangular route taken was ships from the U. S colonies would take rum and other products to Africa in exchange for Slaves.From there, the slaves were taken to Brazil and the Caribbean and sold for profit or sold for sugar and molasses to take back to the U. S where then the sugar and molasses was sold to rum makers. In general, the slave trade was horrific and inhumane, however, it is the reason that the U. S and Brazil were able to maintain a steady economy. Although there were many similarities between the Brazilian slaves and the U. S slaves, there were quite a few specific differences as well. One of the largest differences in slavery between Brazil and the U. S was demographic.Generally speaking, the Brazilian slaves were usually decreasing while the U. S slaves were usually increasing. This is due to several reasons. First , the Brazilians had a much lower proportion of female slaves compared to the U. S who had an equal sex ratio. In Brazil, due to the lack of female slaves, they had a much lower birth rate then the U. S did. Both the death rate and suicide rate was also higher in Brazil compared to the U. S. Due to the low birthrate and the high death rate, Brazil had trouble to maintain a population resulting in having to continuously import slaves.On the other hand, the average number of children born to an early 19th century U. S slave woman was 9. 2; this is twice as many as Brazil and the Caribbean. All these reasons are why Brazil had a much larger number of recent arrivals from Africa while the U. S had a predominately American slave born population. Also, this is why out of the millions and millions of Africans who were brought to the New World, over one-third landed in Brazil and between 60 and 70 percent ended up in Brazil or the sugar colonies of the Caribbean.According to Henry John Temp le, the well-known British Prime Minister of the 19th century, he suggests that there were about 3,000,000 slaves in Brazil in the 19th century. Although it is hard to know the exact number, most historians agree that it was around 3,000,000, which would be about forty percent of the whole population. On the other side, in 1860, the slaves in the U. S were only about 13 percent of the entire population. Generally speaking, in Brazil slaves worked on much larger plantations then in the U. S.Most Brazilian plantations held about 150 slaves per plantation. In the U. S, it was quite different. According to Carl Deglar, who wrote, Slavery in Brazil and the United States, he states, â€Å"Out of all the plantations in the U. S, more the half the slaves worked on units with 20 slaves or less. † In the U. S it would not be uncommon for the slaves to deal with their owners on a daily basis, while in Brazil some worked on plantations with hundreds and hundreds of other slaves where it would be rare to encounter your owner. When comparing Brazil and the U.S today, the demographic differences during the days of slavery is one of the main reasons why the two countries are so different One may think that since the slaves were brought to the U. S and Brazil for similar reasons then they all were treated the same, had the same rights, and were viewed the same. Although this is by no means entirely false, there are a few specific differences on how the slaves were treated in the US compared to how the slaves were treated in Brazil. Religion among the slaves was vital for some while non-existent for others. In the U.S, religion was discouraged for the slaves. The average white American slave owner thought there was no need to ever have a slave practice a religion. This could be due to the fact that nowhere in the Catholic Christian teachings does it say it’s acceptable to enslave and treat a fellow Christian as the owners were treating their slaves. In 1831, Virgi nia passed a law stating, â€Å"Slaves and free Negroes were forbidden to preach, exhort or teach in any prayer-meeting or other association for worship where slaves of different families are collected together on penalty of not more than thirty-nine lashes. In Brazil, the Christianity of a slave was viewed quite different. Some slave owners even viewed it as an essential for a slave to work on his farm. In some cases the slaves would even have to perform a religious ritual even before they stepped foot in Brazil. Instead of being viewed as complete property, the slaves in Brazil were given a chance to practice a religion, in particular, practice the teachings of the Catholic Church. The slaves that departed from Angola, Africa to Brazil were baptized before they got on board the ship.When they arrived in Brazil, the slaves were acknowledged as baptized and had to begin learning the prayers, doctrines, and functions of the Church. In Brazil, marriage was actually acceptable and val id. In 1711, the Constituicoes Primeiras of the Archbishopric of Bahia reaffirmed the legitimacy of marriages between slaves, and between free persons and slaves. According to the Constituicoes, masters could not prevent their slaves from marrying, nor could they separate them once they had wed. Although this may sound promising, it sounds better then it actually was.Most slave owners did not abide by the law that you could not separate a married slave. In general, they still viewed them more as property then people. According to Fernando Henrique Cardoso, the former president of Brazil, he states, â€Å"Of the 660,000 slaves in all of Brazil in 1875, who were 14 years or older, only about 1 out of 6 was recorded as married or widowed. † In terms of religion, it is true that the Brazilian slaves had more rights then the U. S slaves, but not by much. As you can see both the U.S and Brazilian slave owners were more determined on making profit by making the slaves strenuously wo rk then anything else. Although both Brazil and U. S slave owners had complete ownership and control over their slave, the way they treated them did differ between countries. Theoretically, both Brazil and the U. S had laws against murder, abuse, and over working the slave. The difference is, generally speaking, in Brazil some of those laws were carried out while in the U. S, it was rare to see anyone ever defend a slave. In the U. S, the slave owner acted as the judge and jury for any issue involving his slave.In Brazil, a slave had somewhat of a right to a jury. For instance, say a slave owner murdered his slave in the U. S. In most cases it would go unheard of, but even if it were taken to court, it would have been extremely rare if the owner were prosecuted for anything. Now, if a slave owner murdered his slave in Brazil, by law the court should have prosecuted the case as if the slave was a free man. Although it may sound that slavery in Brazil was a lot less harsh, in reality, this judicial approach in Brazil is what should have happened, but as you can guess, it rarely ever did.Henry Koster, a famous German author and film director, in his novel, Travels to Brazil, he states, â€Å"occasionally a cruel master was fined for maltreating his slaves but, I have never heard of a punishment having been carried farther then this trifling manner of correction. † Although by law, the Brazilians compared to the U. S had stricter laws protecting the slaves, when it comes down to the truth, in both countries the slave was viewed more as property then human, mistreating your slave was seen as mistreating your property. One of the biggest differences when comparing U.S slavery to Brazilian slavery concerns manumission. Manumission, meaning the act of freeing a slave, was undoubtedly less common in the U. S compared to Brazil. The number proportion of free slaves in Brazil compared to the number proportion to free slaves in the U. S proves that manumission was more frequent in Brazil. In 1818, for every one free African in Brazil, there were only three slaves. This ratio is compared to with that in the U. S in 1860, when for every one free African, there were eight slaves. By 1872, the number of free Africans in Brazil was more then double the amount that were still slaves.The numbers show that there’s indisputable evidence to prove that manumission was more frequent in Brazil. It is important to note that Brazilian slave owners were freeing the sick and the old more so then the U. S, however, the sick and the old simply would not have been capable to produce offspring in numbers to explain the large number of free Africans in Brazil. Marvin Harris, the famous American anthropologist, along with many other historians suggests another explanation to why there were such a higher percentage of free Africans in Brazil compared to The United States.As stated before, in Brazil in the late 19th century, the free Africans greatly outnumber ed the slaves. The big difference was that Brazil needed those free Africans in order to maintain their economy. The free black slaves in Brazil produced food, were craftsmen, and even slave catchers. They performed the tasks that slave labor was too hard to achieve and the whites thought they were too good to do. This was not the occurrence in The United States. First, the U. S was importing more food rather then growing it like Brazil did, and the food that was being produced in the U.S was produced by whites in the South and Northwest. Also, the U. S had enough white men to perform the tasks that the free Africans in Brazil were doing. Therefore, for the U. S there was no economic reason for the whites to turn towards manumission as Brazil did. It did not matter if you were a slave in Brazil, The United States, Caribbean, Central America, or anywhere else, something that they all had in common was the attempt to run and become a free man. Some succeeding, some did not. In Brazil, escaped slaves formed communities like the ones they were forced to leave in their homeland.These communities were called quilombos. Compared to the U. S, the slaves in Brazil had a greater and a better chance for escape. The number of escaped slaves, the number of revolts, and the size of the quilombos were all greater in Brazil. Although there were plenty of revolts and escapes in the US, generally speaking, there were fewer participants then Brazil. In most of The United States, the climate was to cold in the winter to survive on your own compared to Brazil where the climate was reasonable. Also, Brazil was full of forests to hide in compared to the U. S where the areas were policed heavier.The large quilomobs communities in Brazil may contribute to the fact that today, in Brazil the blacks are seen as Brazilians while in certain parts of The United States, the blacks are still seen as Africans. During the days of slavery, discrimination towards blacks was clearly brutal and rut hless. The horrific and saddest result of slavery in The United States is that race prejudice still exists today. I am not saying that blacks are thought of as they were in the 18th century, but in The United States today, especially in the South, there is still discrimination towards colored people.After slavery was abolished in The United States, by no mean did that make the whites and blacks have equal rights. Even after the abolition of slavery, a black man still could not vote, give testimony in court for a white man, marry white women, hold office, and many other terrible things. Brazil, on the other hand, as writer Herbert Alexander puts it, â€Å"the race problem had been allowed to solve itself. † For example, in the seventeenth century, one of the three main officers when the Brazilians fought the Dutch was Henrique Diaz, a black man.This is something you would have never saw in The United States. The United States and Brazil were one of the last nations to abolish slavery in all of the Americas. The Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865, ended slavery in the United States. In 1888, due to international political pressure, Brazil being the last nation to do it in the Americas, finally abolished slavery. Unlike The United States, Brazil was able to abolish slavery with out catastrophic violence. In both Brazil and The United States, the horrific terror of slavery in the 16th to 19th century is something everyone would want to forget.However, during that time period slavery was the reason why both The United States and Brazil’s economies were both stable and on the rise. Overall, when looking into the history of slavery in both The United States and Brazil, although there are differences and similarities, the time period of slavery explains greatly to why present day life in both unique countries is what it is. Bibliography Alexander, Herbert B. â€Å"Brazilian and United States Slavery Compared. † – Wikisource, the Free Online Library. N. p. , 2 Feb. 2001. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Bergad, Laird W.The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007. Print. Brogan, Hugh. The Penguin History of the United States of America. London: Penguin, 2001. Print. Carmody, Padraig. â€Å"Unit Three: Studying Africa through the Humanities. † Exploring Africa. N. p. , 4 Nov. 2002. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Carter, Tom. â€Å"Race and Slavery in America. † Opinion Forum RSS. N. p. , 28 Feb. 2009. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Davis, David Brion. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Print. Degler, Carl N.Slavery in Brazil and the United States: An Essay in Comparative History. 4th ed. Vol. 75. Washington, D. C.? : American Historical Association. , 1970. Print. â€Å"Differences In Slave Laws In Colonial Brazil And Colonial British North. † 123HelpMe. com. 10 Dec 2012 Dodson, Howard. â€Å"How Slavery Helped B uild a World Economy. † National Geographic. N. p. , 3 Feb. 2003. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Equiano, Olaudah, and Shelly Eversley. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or, Gustavus Vassa, the African. New York: Modern Library, 2004. Print. Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! An American History. New York: W. W. Norton &, 2008. Print. Gomez, Flavio S. Africans and Slave Marriages in Eighteenth-century Rio De Janeiro. N. p. : Sheridan, n. d. Print. Koster, Henry. Travels to Brazil. New York: Kessinger, 2012. Print. Mattoso, Katia MAE. To Be a Slave in Brazil, 1550-1888. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1986. Print. Mintz, Sean. â€Å"American Slavery in Comparative Perspective. † Digital History Copyright. Mintz S and McNeil S, 3 Jan. 2003. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. Paine, Thomas. â€Å"African Slavery in America. † Pennsylvania Journal and the Weekly Advertiser. Philadelphia] 14 Apr. 1775: n. pag. Print. Reis, Joao Jose. Slave Rebellion in Brazil: The Muslim Uprisi ng of 1835 in Bahia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1995. Print. Tony, Dunnel. â€Å"History of African Slavery in Brazil. † Suite101. com. The University of Nottingham, 8 Sept. 2009. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Laird W Bergad. The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States. Print. 115-120 [ 2 ]. Herbert B. Alexander â€Å"Brazilian and United States Slavery Compared. † Web. 12 Dec. 2012. [ 3 ]. Olaudah Equiano.The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano. Print. 35 [ 4 ]. Sean Mintz. â€Å"American Slavery in Comparative Perspective. † Web. 12 Dec. 2012. [ 5 ]. Laird W Bergad. The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States. Print. 115-120 [ 6 ]. Jose Joao Reis. Slave Rebellion in Brazil: The Uprising of 1835 in Bahia. Print. 8 [ 7 ]. Laird W Bergad. The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States. Print. 117 [ 8 ]. Carl N. Degler. Slavery in Brazil and the United States: An Essay in Comparative History. Print. 006 [ 9 ]. Herbert B. Alexander â€Å"Brazilian and United States Slavery Compared. † Web. 12 Dec. 2012. [ 10 ]. Flavio S. Gomez. Africans and Slave Marriages in Eighteenth-century Rio De Janeiro. Print. 42-50 [ 11 ]. Carl N. Degler. Slavery in Brazil and the United States: An Essay in Comparative History. Print. 1009 [ 12 ]. Henry Koster. Travels to Brazil. Print. 77 [ 13 ]. Carl N. Degler. Slavery in Brazil and the United States: An Essay in Comparative History. Print. 1012 [ 14 ]. Herbert B. Alexander â€Å"Brazilian and United States Slavery Compared. † Web. 12 Dec. 2012.

Dealing With Divorce Through Humor

Dealing With Divorce Through Humor Divorce is not funny business. Its hard to laugh when two people are fighting over money, property, and kids. However, divorce is  gaining social acceptance in many parts of the world.  Humor helps to alleviate the pain of separation, and sarcasm brings out your witty side. So, if you feel like being nasty, it is better to release your nastiness through sarcastic quotes  than by snapping at your friends and family. If you are going through a difficult divorce, you may want to lighten up. Make room for humor in your heart, however bitter you feel right now.  Find ways to vent your disappointment. Rant  out loud with friends. If you are seething with anger, let off some steam with these funny divorce quotes. A sense of humor may be your best friend during this difficult time. Divorce Quotes Lewis GrizzardInstead of getting married again, Im just going to find a woman I dont like and give her a house. Oscar WildeDivorces are made in heaven. Dave BarryToday, it is easier to get divorced in most states than to get a transmission repaired properly. Garry TrudeauIn Palm Springs, they think homelessness is caused by bad divorce lawyers. John Kenneth GalbraithThe happiest time of anyones life is just after the first divorce. Zsa Zsa GaborHe taught me housekeeping; when I divorce I keep the house. Woody AllenThe only time my wife and I had a simultaneous orgasm was when the judge signed the divorce papers. I should have known something was wrong with my first wife. When I brought her home to meet my parents, they approved of her. Mary Kay BlakelyDivorce is the psychological equivalent of a triple coronary bypass. After such a monumental assault on the heart, it takes years to amend all the habits and attitudes that led up to it.   J. B. HandelsmanJust another of our many disagreements. He wants a no-fault divorce, whereas I would prefer to have the bastard crucified. Jimmy FallonA 99-year-old man is filing for divorce from his 96-year-old wife, making them the worlds oldest divorced couple. Its got to be weird when a divorce lawyer is fighting for your kids to get custody of you.A new study found that women gain more weight after marriage, but men gain more weight after a divorce. Yeah, the divorce usually takes place after men point out that women gained more weight after marriage. Groucho MarxMarriage is the chief cause of divorce. Jean KerrBeing divorced is like being hit by a Mack truck.  If you live through it, you start looking very carefully to the right and to the left. Johnny CarsonThe difference between a divorce and a legal separation is that a legal separation gives a husband time to hide his money. Wendy LiebmanMy mother always said dont marry for money, divorce for money. Robin WilliamsAh, yes, divorce... from the Latin word meaning to rip out a mans genitals through his wallet. Helen RowlandLove, the quest; marriage, the conquest; divorce, the inquest. Dave BarryYou should be prepared for anything during divorce proceedings- even the truth. James CaanTo get over my divorce, I got a prescription to live at the Playboy Mansion for a while. Ruth GordonIn our family, we dont divorce our men- we bury them.   Mike TysonYou cant stay married in a situation where you are afraid to go to sleep in case your wife might cut your throat. Bette DavisI’d marry again if I found a man who had $15 million and would sign over half of it to me before the marriage and guarantee he’d be dead in a year. Lenny ClarkeI can’t get divorced because I’m a Catholic. Catholics don’t get divorced. They stay together through anger and hatred and festering misery, just like God intended. Mickey RooneyA lot of people have asked me how short I am. Since my last divorce, I think Im about $100,000 short. Evan EsarSome women get divorces on the grounds of incompatibility; others, on just the first two syllables. Many a woman would get a divorce if she could do it without making her husband happy. Tommy ManvilleShe cried- and the judge wiped her tears with my checkbook. Louis C.K.Divorce is always good news. I know that sounds weird, but its true because no good marriage has ever ended in divorce. That would be sad. If two people were married and they just had a great thing and then they got divorced, that would be really sad. But that has happened zero times. Chelsea PerettiMy parents divorced when I was one year old so I don’t really remember any of the details, but luckily, my mom does so she’s been really helpful. John CleeseI got off lightly. Think what I’d have had to pay Alyce if she had contributed anything to the relationship- such as children or a conversation. Russell BrandWhen youre a monk, youre not allowed to have sex with anyone. When youre married, its one person. Thats one more than a monk. Its not that different.

Impact of Globalization in Africa Essay Example

Impact of Globalization in Africa Essay Example Impact of Globalization in Africa Essay Impact of Globalization in Africa Essay Globalization is the planetary interconnection of economic activities. It is characterized by new engineerings. new constructions. new economic systems and new civilizations. All these are structured around planetary fiscal flows that are based of computing machine simulations and guesss. The ensuing planetary economic system is really disruptive due to non-linear feedbacks and it is easy influenced by political events and influential analysts’ projections. These is seen when there is instability in the stock markets in certain states like the United States of America. The instability affects all other stock markets in the universe. But is globalisation planetary? The planetary economic system sees some countries as priceless and politically irrelevant and frequently such countries are excluded from this planetary economic system. The thought of globalisation was conceived by taking capitalist states. planetary fiscal establishments ( World Bank. International Monetary fund ( IMF ) and World Trade Organization ( WTO ) ) and multinational co-operations. The heads behind this thought of globalisation thought that this was one manner of bettering the supports everybody in the Earth but as we shall see subsequently on. the theoretical accounts used to come up with globalisation had major cringle holes. Global information communications and new engineerings have played a large function easing globalisation. This is through the computing machines. Internet and nomadic phones. This has made concern minutess easy such that by the chink of a button. a batch of money circulates around the Earth. New inventions have resulted in increased productiveness and competition. These technological progresss have lowered the costs of conveyance and communicating. Computers have made it possible to manage big sums of informations in a short clip and information storage and retrieval has been made really easy. On a positive note. the new engineerings have in one manner or another helped in growing of economic sciences through sharing of thoughts. On the other manus. these progresss in engineering have led to homogenisation of civilizations. Globalization has increased the net incomes and productiveness of transnational corporations. With free trade regulations. some few people. the planetary elite has become richer and others who are the bulk have become poorer. The free trade regulations has enabled transnational companies invest their money in emerging economic systems and taking their money once they speculate that that economic system is non making good. This has wrecked the economic systems of many states. Another issue is that this large multinationals have swallowed the little companies taking to losingss of occupations. Capra. 2002. in his book hidden connections’ says that most of these multi national companies ever try to hedge revenue enhancements and benefit from subsidies. As a consequence. their merchandises are inexpensive and this outcompetes the local companies. which can ensue in more occupation losingss. But on the other manus. globalisation can go a whipping boy for failed national policies. Embezzlement and misdirection of public resources and corruptness profoundly rooted in some states should non be blamed on globalisation. In any instance. a authorities should be able to supply the demands of its people. Harmonizing to the 2002 study on the international forum on globalisation. the free trade regulations set by the World trade organisation consolidate power to a little corporate elite. Globalization has erased political and economic boundaries such that power has shifted from the people and communities to fiscal speculators. planetary corporations and taking capitalist states. As a consequence. currency markets have made authoritiess unable to command their economic policies because it is this markets that determine the values of national currency. Harmonizing to Capra 2002. big economic systems are able to absorb these turbulencies but for developing states. this is a large job. This fiscal crisis has led to developing states to seek for assistance and as a conseque nce. they have sunk to endless debts. It is of import to observe that assistance is fundamentally a tool for pull stringsing developing states. It is of import to observe that in globalisation. capital is planetary while labor is local. This means that the globalized capital has the economic power go forthing labor disintegrated. Labor itself can be divided into professionals and unskilled workers. Globalization seems to favor the professional labourers while the unskilled labourers can be fired anytime. This has led to societal inequality and polarisation. Many occupations presents are on contract footing and organizing labour organisations to dicker for better working conditions is non easy because of fright of fring occupations. Peoples working in transnational companies runing in their states fear bargaining for better footings of employment because they fear fring occupations as the company can travel to another state. As a consequence. people have to set up with hapless working conditions and rewards. Increased trade as a consequence of free trade by the World Trade organisation has led to increased pollution of the environments. Trade has besides resulted to debut of invasive foreigner species to new environments. From the ecological position. trade. which has increased in the recent yesteryear. is the major path in which invasive foreigner species are introduced to new environments. Harmonizing to the Convention for Biodiversity. invasive foreign species are the major causes for the loss of biodiversity. The environmental impacts are to a great extent felt in the states in the South. The free market thought by the World Trade Organization has resulted in changeless hunt for entree to natural resources. and this has led to so much force per unit area on the Earth’s limited natural resources. Another spot is the devastation of the environment. which has led to inundations. drouths and other calamities. Increased transportation has lead to pollution of waterways. Globalization has besides favored monoculture to heighten a nation’s fight in the planetary market. This has put more force per unit area on the limited natural resources and usage of chemicals to heighten production. which farther exacerbates the job of pollution. Globalization has besides penetrated into power and political relations. Most of these transnational companies and anteroom groups usually finance political campaigners in states of involvement so that if the individual gets into power. he/ she may make favourable conditions for their activities. So in a manner. these companies and anteroom groups control a country’s economic system. Rise of globalized condemnable packs is another job that stems out of globalisation. Boosted by easy communicating webs. felons have found it easy to carry on their concerns. Recently. a drug trust affecting Mexicans. Kenyans and the Dutch was uncovered and this is a authoritative illustration of condemnable packs runing on a planetary graduated table. WAY OUT. With Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( FAO ) imperativeness release of 2010 gauging that 925 million around the Earth are undernourished. something must be incorrect someplace. As already noted. globalisation is to fault societal inequalities which can be seen from the widening spread between the rich and the hapless. Borrowing from rubric of the first one-year World Social Forum held in Porto Alegre in Brazil. another universe is possible. First. alteration should first get down with the governing elite. With the aid of international nongovernmental organisations there should be a power transmutation from the planetary elite to the human society. These planetary elites together with World Bank. IMF and World Trade Organization should be more crystalline in decision-making. In is besides really of import to include assorted non-governmental organisations stand foring involvements of societal justness. human rights environmental involvements and democracy in the decisionmaking processes. Most of the states affected by globalisation are developing states and most of these states have really immense debts. It seems impossible for these developing states to set tight regulations on international organisations in order to protect the local companies. But with the aid on anteroom groups. it is possible for authorities to take subsidies and freedoms offered to these transnational corporations. These transnational corporations should besides be held responsible for any error like devastation of the environment. Cancellation of debts will assist developing states grow economically but these states excessively should hold leaders who are accountable to the citizens. On that note. corruptness and lobbying should be dealt with at every degree. This is to guarantee just competition of concern trades. It is of import to authorise workers so that they can dicker for better working conditions. National authoritiess can besides protect their people by specifying working conditions to investors puting up endeavors in the state. Finally. it is of import we pattern ecological sustainability. Proper waste disposal. usage of alternate fuel beginnings ( scientifically proven to be sustainable ) . efficient and ecofriendly engineerings. sustainable agriculture patterns and rigorous environmental patterns are some of the ways of doing the universe sustainable. The most of import portion of sustainability is educating everybody on the importance of conserving the environment so it’s of import to take environmental motions deep down to the grass roots. Remember. it starts with me and you and the future coevalss will be thanking all of us. Mentions A better universe is possible: Options to Economic globalisation Report sum-up 2002 International forum on Globalization. Capra fritjof. 2002. The concealed connexions Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations: Economic and Social Development study. September 2010 hypertext transfer protocol: //anticap. wordpress. com/2011/03/14/what-globalization-paradox/ ( Website I downloaded the cover image ) .